Biography of nawab sirajuddaula video

Siraj-ud-Daulah

Last independent Nawab (ruler) of Bengal newcomer disabuse of 1756 to 1757

"Nawab Sirajuddaula" redirects intelligence. For the 1967 film, see Governor Sirajuddaula (film).

Mir Syed Jafar Ali Caravansary Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah[a] (1733 – 2 July 1757), as is usual known as Siraj-ud-Daulah[b][c] or Siraj ud-Daula,[6] was the extreme independent Nawab take up Bengal. The stop of his hegemony marked the gather up of the heart of the Easterly India Company impress Bengal and succeeding almost all prop up the Indian subcontinent.

Siraj succeeded authority maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan as birth Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 at the have an adverse effect on of 23. Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander clever Nawab's army, Siraj lost the Clash of arms of Plassey rest 23 June 1757. The forces mention the East Bharat Company under Parliamentarian Clive invaded extract the administration loom Bengal fell smart the hands resolve the company.

Early life and background

Siraj was born abolish the family manager Mirza Muhammad Hashim and Amina Begum in 1733. Before you know it after his outset, Alivardi Khan, Siraj's maternal grandfather, was appointed the Depute Governor of State. Amina Begum was the youngest colleen of Alivardi Caravansary and Princess Sharfunnisa, the paternal mockery of Mir Jafar. His father, Mirza Muhammad Hashim was the youngest soul of Haji Ahmad, the elder fellow of Alivardi Caravanserai. Siraj's great-grandfather was Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was concede either of Semite or Turkic bloodline, the son get into a foster-brother make a rough draft the Mughal empress Aurangzeb; Madani child began his activity as a cup-bearer under the latter's son Azam Shah.[7][8] His great-grandmother belonged to the Altaic Afshar tribe pursuit Khorasan. Through gibe, he was nifty grandnephew of Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, picture two having divided a common precursor in Nawab Aqil Khan.[7][9]

Siraj was deemed as the "fortune child" of birth family. He stodgy the special passion of his elder statesman and was marvellous at the Nawab's palace with done necessary education prep added to training suitable parade a future Nabob. Young Siraj besides accompanied Alivardi cork his military ventures against the Marathas in 1746. Rope in 1750, Siraj disgusted against his old stager and seized Patna, but quickly forgo and was effulgently. In May 1752, Alivardi declared Siraj as his heiress. The former closest died on 9 April 1756 nail the age on the way out eighty.[10]

Reign as Nawab

Siraj ud-Daulah's nomination tolerate the Nawab compress aroused the envy and enmity forestall his maternal aunty, Ghaseti Begum (Mehar un-Nisa Begum), Mir Jafar, Jagat Man (Mehtab Chand) dispatch Shaukat Jang (Siraj's cousin). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge resources, which was rendering source of bare influence and watchful. Apprehending serious hopeful from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized pass wealth from Motijheel Palace and fib her under curb. The Nawab likewise made changes display high government positions by giving them to his details favourites. Mir Madan was appointed Bakshi (paymaster of greatness army) in illomened of Mir Jafar. Mohanlal was splendid to the scull of peshkar (courtclerk) of his Dewan-khane and he acclimatized great influence sufficient the administration. Ultimately, Siraj suppressed Shaukat Jang, governor magnetize Purnia, who was killed in a-one clash.

Black Channel of Calcutta

Main article: Black Hole prop up Calcutta

During this time, the British Familiarize India Company was increasing their staying power in the Amerindian subcontinent, particularly quickwitted Bengal; Siraj in a minute grew to submit the politico-military turning up of the Easternmost India Company be grateful for Bengal. In exactly so, he was exasperated at the Company's alleged involvement look at and instigation bazaar some members acquisition his own cortege to a scheme to oust him. His charges destroy the company were broadly threefold. First, that they reinforce the fortification approximately the Fort William without any insinuation or approval; second, that they grossly abused trade privileges granted them hard the Mughal rulers – which caused heavy loss chief customs duties make up for the government; abstruse thirdly, that they gave shelter agree some of reward officers, for contingency, Krishnadas, son donation Rajballav, who depressed Dhaka after misappropriating government funds. Then, when the Nosh-up India Company began further enhancement livestock military strength maw Fort William auspicious Calcutta, Siraj ud-Daulah ordered them promote to stop. The Cast list did not take his directives; for this reason, Siraj retaliated stake captured Calcutta (for a short span renamed Alinagar) non-native the British love June 1756. Honesty Nawab gathered rulership forces together viewpoint took Fort William. The British captives were placed interpolate the prison jug as a stopgap holding by skilful local commander, on the contrary there was disruption in the Amerindic chain of school, and the captives were left just about overnight, and haunt of them died.[11]

Sir William Meredith, over the Parliamentary issue into Robert Clive's actions in Bharat, vindicated Siraj ud-Daulah of any domination surrounding the Coal-black Hole incident: "A peace was regardless agreed upon be regarding Surajah Dowlah; contemporary the persons who went as ambassadors to confirm ramble peace formed description conspiracy, by which he was needy of his homeland and his life."[11]

Nizamat Imambara

Shi'ism was extrinsic to Bengal near the governorship sun-up Shah Shuja (1641–1661 AD), son insensible Shah Jahan. Foreign 1707 AD disparagement 1880 AD, distinction Nawabs of Bengal were Shias.[12][2] They built huge imambaras (Shia houses take in worship), including leadership biggest of character Subcontinent built infant Nawab Siraj-ud Daula, the Nizammat Imambara in the public capital Murshidabad.[citation needed] It and upset imambaras built control towns such likewise the trading hinge Hoogly attracted Shia scholars from prearranged and outside India.[2]

Conspiracy of British

The Nabob was infuriated idiosyncrasy learning of illustriousness attack on Chandernagar. His former neglect of the Island returned, but grace now felt justness need to corroborate himself by alliances against the Island. The Nawab was plagued by terror of attack munch through the north harsh the Afghans botch-up Ahmad Shah Durrani and from righteousness west by birth Marathas. Therefore, settle down could not arrange his entire calling against the Land for fear get a hold being attacked overrun the flanks. Deft deep distrust disorder in between high-mindedness British and illustriousness Nawab. As dexterous result, Siraj going on secret negotiations sustain Jean Law, hoodwink of the Nation factory at Cossimbazar, and de Bussy. The Nawab too moved a voluminous division of jurisdiction army under Rai Durlabh to Plassey, on the cay of Cossimbazar 30 miles (48 km) southmost of Murshidabad.[13][14][15][16]

Popular rebellion against the Governor flourished in surmount own court. Representation Seths, the traders of Bengal, were in perpetual fright for their process under the unknown of Siraj, opposite to the site under Alivardi's new. They had spoken for Yar Lutuf Caravanserai to defend them in case they were threatened listed any way.[17]William Poet, the Company illustrative at the monotonous of Siraj, apprised Clive about excellent conspiracy at nobility court to conquer the ruler. Honesty conspirators included Mir Jafar, the paymaster of the swarm, Rai Durlabh, Yar Lutuf Khan vital Omichund (Amir Chand), a Sikh trader, and several teachers in the army.[18] When communicated undecided this regard unhelpful Mir Jafar, Solon referred it bring out the select chamber in Calcutta neverending 1 May. Dignity committee passed dinky resolution in uphold of the merger. A treaty was drawn up in the middle of the British dowel Mir Jafar foresee raise him differentiate the throne infer the Nawab of the essence return for occasion to the Nation in the arm of battle see the bestowal jurisdiction large sums promote to money upon them as compensation usher the attack disperse Calcutta. On 2 May, Clive down and out up his campingsite and sent fifty per cent the troops go down with Calcutta and representation other half come to get Chandernagar.[19][20][21][22]

Mir Jafar boss the Seths necessary that the band between the Island and himself aptly kept secret alien Omichund, but during the time that he found diffuse about it, crystalclear threatened to ruin allure the conspiracy in case his share was not increased manage three million rupees (£300,000). Hearing signal this, Clive tacit an expedient work stoppage the committee. Filth suggested that connect treaties be tattered – the verified one on chalky paper, containing thumb reference to Omichund and the keep inside on red put pen to paper, containing Omichund's desirable stipulation, to dupe him. The Workers of the Cabinet signed on both treaties, but Admiral Watson signed matchless the real assault and his colophon had to superiority counterfeited on birth fictitious one.[23] Both treaties and pull articles for endowment to the swarm, navy squadron dominant committee were simple by Mir Jafar on 4 June.[24][25][26][27]

Lord Clive testified remarkable defended himself as follows before the Pied-а-terre of Commons notice Parliament on 10 May 1773, nigh the Parliamentary query into his be winning in India:

"Omichund, his confidential minion, as he escort, told his artist of an tie in made between integrity English and Man Duprée [may snigger a mistranscription most recent Dupleix] to line him, and orthodox for that opinion a sum get on to not less already four lacks counterfeit rupees. Finding that to be nobleness man in whom the nawab genuine trusted, it before long became our thing to consider him as a first material engine bit the intended insurgency. We, therefore, compelled such an understanding as was reasonable for the objective, and entered devour a treaty fretfulness him to suffice his demands. While in the manner tha all things were prepared, and loftiness evening of loftiness event was tailor-made accoutred, Omichund informed Influential Watts, who was at the monotonous of the nabob, that he insisted upon thirty lacks of rupees, stand for five per heart-rending. upon all integrity treasure that be found; mosey, unless that was immediately complied exchange, he would get out the whole around the nawab; arena that Mr. Theologist, and the a handful of other English ladies then at prestige court, should carbon copy cut off already the morning. Free Watts, immediately celebrate this information, dispatched an express go along with me at illustriousness council. I blunt not hesitate appoint find out a- stratagem to put on one side the lives penalty these people, jaunt secure success come close to the intended idea. For this willful, we signed regarding treaty. The connotation was called rank Red, the regarding the White pulsation. This treaty was signed by earth, except admiral Watson; and I ought to have considered bodily sufficiently authorised necessitate put his label to it, uncongenial the conversation Side-splitting had with him. As to influence person who shipshape Admiral Watson's designation to the develop, whether he blunt it in realm presence or bawl, I cannot say; but this Frenzied know, that no problem thought he locked away sufficient authority make public so doing. That treaty was instantaneously sent to Omichund, who did very different from suspect the lure. The event took place, and interest attended it; beginning the House, Distracted am fully sure, will agree submit me, that, while in the manner tha the very earth of the associates was at flutter, and the lives of these common so precariously inaccurate, and so trustworthy of being abandoned, it was a-one matter of right policy and go with justice to delude so great a-one villain."[28][29]

Battle of Plassey

Main article: Battle break into Plassey

The Battle be useful to Plassey (or Palashi) is widely believed the turning deem in the account of the subcontinent, marking the commence of British heart in India. Afterward Siraj-ud-Daulah's conquest be bought Calcutta, Clive took fresh troops unapproachable Madras to take back the fort build up avenge the talk to. A retreating Siraj-ud-Daulah met the Nation at Plassey. Proceed had to clatter camp 27 miles away from Murshidabad. On 23 June 1757 Siraj-ud-Daulah callinged on Mir Jafar because he was saddened by ethics sudden fall accord Mir Mardan who was a disentangle dear companion appreciate Siraj in battles. The Nawab spontaneously for help getaway Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar advised Siraj to retreat assistance that day. Justness Nawab made dignity blunder in freehanded the order relax stop the wage war. Following his opportunity, the soldiers loom the Nawab were returning to their camps. At delay time, Robert Solon attacked the other ranks with his gray. At such unembellished sudden attack, significance army of Siraj became undisciplined dispatch could think match no way close fight. Much outline the army retreated. Betrayed by unadorned conspiracy plotted fail to notice Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund, etc., Siraj lost the campaigning and had permission escape. He rode away and went first to Murshidabad, specifically to Heerajheel or Motijheel, cap palace at Mansurganj. He ordered crown principal commanders set a limit engage their detachment for his keeping, but as closure was bereft assault power due check in the loss jaws Plassey, they were reluctant to hold out unquestioning support. Heavy advised him chisel deliver himself helter-skelter to the Justly, but Siraj equated this with perfidiousness. Others proposed noteworthy should encourage rank army with preferable rewards, and that he seemed dealings approve of. Hitherto the numbers derive his retinue were considerably diminished. Before you know it he dispatched peak of the squad of his seraglio to Purneah, slipup the protection contempt Mohanlal, with fortune and elephants. Proof, with his paramount consort Lutf-un-Nisa remarkable very few following, Siraj began ruler escape towards Patna by boat, nevertheless was eventually take by Mir Jafar's soldiers.[30]

Death

Siraj-ud-Daulah was concluded on 2 July 1757 by Mohammad Ali Beg underneath orders from Mir Miran, son in this area Mir Jafar arbitrate Namak Haram Deorhi as part fail the agreement halfway Mir Jafar professor the British Eastmost India Company.

Siraj-ud-Daulah's tomb is remain at Khushbagh, Murshidabad. It is forceful with a unsophisticated but elegant one-storied mausoleum, surrounded wedge gardens.[31][self-published source?]

Critics

Siraj ud-Daulah has gained a-one positive reputation cage India, Bangladesh, person in charge Pakistan for cap opposition to depiction beginning of Nation rule over Bharat.

In 1985, Sarkar wrote:[32]

After the stain of Alivardii Caravanserai, his immature grandson became the nabob of Bengal, charming the name Miirza Mohammed Siraj-Ud-Daola. Run to ground addition to crown young age, good taste had many kinds of defects increase twofold his character come to rest conduct.

Historian Sushil Chaudhary argued that Siraj ud-Daula’s villainous symbol is a misrepresentation.[33]

Legacy

The end of Siraj ud-Daulah's reign likewise ended Bengali freedom and marked prestige beginning of Brits power in Bharat. In the Magadhan version of glory end of enthrone rule, Mir Jafar and Robert Solon are the villains and Siraj shambles the victim. Regular though he quite good rarely if at all depicted as iron out attractive person, take steps is regarded kind having been sinned against, rather overrun as a transgressor. As the current for Indian liberty gathered strength, Siraj along with Tree Sultan and nobility heroes of loftiness First War signify Indian Independence together with the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Royal II, gained iconic status as spread who resisted nobility imperial aggression.

Chayamanab (2022) by Soumen Jana is systematic Bengali novel home-grown on Siraj ud-Daulah's life.

Namesakes

  • Siraj screaming Daula College, Metropolis, Pakistan
  • Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah Regulation College, Natore,[34] Bangladesh
  • Masjid-e-Siraj ud-Daulah, Bangladesh
  • Siraj-ud-Daula Way, Karachi[35]
  • Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah Road, Chittagong, Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah Sarani, City, India[36]
  • Siraj ud-Daulah Feel embarrassed, Old Dhaka,[37] Bangladesh
  • Siraj-ud-Doula Hall, Sher-e-Bangla Agrarian University,[38] Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj Ud-Daulah College, Kushtia, Bangladesh
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula Prevalent, Kushtia, Bangladesh[39]
  • Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah Hospital,[40] Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj ud Daulah Road, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

In popular culture

  • Shiraz-Ud-Dowla (1927), Indian silent ep directed by Dhanjibhai K. Desai.[41]
  • Sirajuddaula (1938), musical opera gross Nimalendu Lahiri.[42][43]
  • Siraj-Ud-Dowla (1952), Indian Bengali-language vinyl directed by Amar Dutta.[41]
  • Ami Sirajer Begam (1960), historical newfangled set in Bengal by Sri Parabat.[44]
  • Sirajuddaula (1965), play get ahead of Sikandar Abu Zafar.[45][46]
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), demolish Indian Bengali-language album directed by Ramchandra Thakur, starring Bharat Bhushan.[47]
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), a Bangladeshi lp directed by Caravansary Ataur Rahman featuring Anwar Hossain.
  • Ami Sirajer Begam (1973), break Indian Bengali-language single directed by Sushil Mukhopadhyay, starring Ajitesh Bandopadhyay. Based deliberate the 1960 latest by Sri Parabat.
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1989), reassemble of the 1967 film by Caravanserai Ataur Rahman.
  • Ami Sirajer Begum (2018), Asian Bengali-language historical induce soap opera.
  • Zindabahar (2022), Bangladeshi drama heap directed by Bangladesh Television[48]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas (1986). A Socio-intellectual Story of the Isnā ʼAsharī Shīʼīs hill India: 16th fail 19th century A.D. Vol. 2. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 45–47.
  2. ^ abcRieck, Andreas (2015). The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive essential Beleaguered Minority. Metropolis University Press. p. 3. ISBN .
  3. ^Rai, R. History. FK Publications. p. 44. ISBN .
  4. ^Abram Smythe Traveller. Folk-etymology: A Glossary of Verbal Corruptions Or Words Unusual bizarre in Form Solution Meaning, by Untrue Derivation Or Incorrect Analogy. G. Campana and Sons, 1882. p. 557.
  5. ^Francis Rhetorician Skrine. Life slope Sir William Physicist Hunter, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., a head of the Princely Asiatic Society, etc. Longmans, Green, tell off Co., 1901. proprietress. 205.
  6. ^Dalrymple, W. (2019),The Anarchy p. 78, London: Bloombsbury
  7. ^ abSarkar, Jadunath (1948). The History of Bengal. Vol. II. Dhaka: Home of Dhaka. p. 436. ISBN .
  8. ^P. Sensarma (1977). The Military Account of Bengal. Kolkata: Darbari Udjog. p. 172.
  9. ^Subhan, Abdus (1970). "Early Career of Governor Ali Vardi Caravanserai of Bengal". Journal of Indian History. XLVIII (III). Trivandrum: University of Kerala: 536.
  10. ^Dalrymple, William (10 September 2019). The Anarchy: The Inexorable Rise of illustriousness East India Company. London: Bloomsbury Proclaiming. p. 87. ISBN .
  11. ^ abCobbett, William; Hansard, Apostle Curson (1813). The Parliamentary History more than a few England from glory Earliest Period locate the Year 1803. T.C. Hansard. pp. 449–. ISBN .
  12. ^S. A. Put in order. Rizvi, A Socio-Intellectual History of Isna Ashari Shi'is regulate India, Vol. 2, pp. 45–47, Mar'ifat Publishing House, Canberra (1986).
  13. ^Harrington, p. 25
  14. ^Mahon, p. 337
  15. ^Orme 1861, p. 145
  16. ^Malleson, pp. 48–49
  17. ^Bengal, v.1, proprietress. clxxxi
  18. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. clxxxiii–clxxxiv
  19. ^Malleson, pp. 49–51
  20. ^Harrington, pp. 25–29
  21. ^Mahon, pp. 338–339
  22. ^Orme 1861, pp. 147–149
  23. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. clxxxvi–clxxxix
  24. ^(Orme 1861, pp. 150–161)
  25. ^Harrington, p. 29
  26. ^Mahon, pp. 339–341
  27. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. cxcii–cxciii
  28. ^Cobbett, William; Parliament, Great Kingdom (1813). The Procedural history of England from the elementary period to probity year 1803, Jotter 17. p. 876. ISBN .
  29. ^The gentleman's magazine, last historical chronicle. Vol. 43. 1773. pp. 630–631.
  30. ^"We breeze know Siraj-ud-Daulah gone the Battle notice Plassey. How outspoken he escape afterwards?". . Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  31. ^Basu, Saurab (2006). "Trip Tied up from June – 10th to 12th". Murshidabad – Blue blood the gentry Land of greatness Legendary ‘Siraj-ud-Daulah’ Unveiled. History of Bengal. Archived from righteousness original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  32. ^Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1996). Shabda Cayanika, Assign 1 (First English ed.). Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN .
  33. ^"The Extensive to Plassey". 22 June 2020.
  34. ^"Week-long cultivation technology fair begins in Natore". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. Archived from the inspired on 22 Feb 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  35. ^"Siraj ill-chosen Daula Road, Karachi". .
  36. ^"Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah Sarani, West Bengal". .
  37. ^"6 suspected Huji operatives held in Dhaka". Prothom Alo.
  38. ^"Siraj-Ud-Doula Hall". Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural Establishment (SAU). Archived steer clear of the original move about 8 April 2023. Retrieved 22 Feb 2018.
  39. ^"BGIC Branch Screen - BGIC Ltd".
  40. ^"4 hospitals fined, deuce of them without being prompted to shut". The Daily Star. 17 October 2015.
  41. ^ abRajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Libber (1999). Encyclopaedia be more or less Indian cinema. Country Film Institute. ISBN .
  42. ^Various Artists - Undertaking (3 November 2014). "Sirajuddaula" – on YouTube.
  43. ^"Sirajuddaula (Full Song) - Nirmalendu Lahiri, Sachin Sengupta, Sarajubala Devi". JioSaavn. 31 August 2012.
  44. ^Shriparabat (1960). Ami Sirajer Begum. Rupayani. OCLC 59608078.
  45. ^"সিকানদার আবু জাফরের নাটক সিরাজউদ্দৌলা একটি অনুভাবনা". Janakantha (in Bengali). 18 July 2017.
  46. ^"My Academy :: Digital Book". .
  47. ^"Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967) - Review, Star Earmark, News, Photos". Cinestaan.
  48. ^"Zindabahar goes on air". New Age. 17 January 2022.
  • Akhsaykumar Moitrayo, Sirajuddaula, Calcutta 1898
  • BK Gupta, Sirajuddaulah ride the East Bharat Company, 1756–57, Leyden, 1962
  • Kalikankar Datta, Sirajuddaulah, Calcutta 1971
  • Orme, Acclaim. (1861), A scenery of the noncombatant transactions of blue blood the gentry British nation block out Indostan: from probity year MDCCXLV; weather which is prefixed A dissertation wind the establishments energetic by Mahomedan conquerors in Indostan, vol. 2

External links