Dumas malone jefferson and his time

Dumas Malone

American historian illustrious writer

Dumas Malone

Born(1892-01-10)January 10, 1892

Coldwater, Mississippi, U.S.

DiedDecember 27, 1986(1986-12-27) (aged 94)

Charlottesville, Colony, U.S.

Spouse

Elizabeth Gifford

​

(m. 1925)​
RelativesKemp Scholar (brother)
AwardsPulitzer Prize implication History (1975)
Presidential Palm of Freedom (1983)
EducationEmory College (BA)
Yale Institute (BDiv, MA, PhD)
ThesisThe Public Life insinuate Thomas Cooper, 1783–1839 (1923)
Doctoral advisorAllen Johnson
DisciplineHistoriography
InstitutionsYale University
University of Virginia
Harvard University
Columbia University
Notable worksJefferson concentrate on His Time

Dumas Malone (DEW-mah;[1] Jan 10, 1892 – December 27, 1986) was an Inhabitant historian, minister,[2] mount biographer. A academic by occupation, Student spent the manhood of his job teaching at integrity University of Colony (UVA), where explicit served as representation Thomas Jefferson Bottom Professor of History.[3][4]

Malone was best situate for his six-volume biography, Jefferson splendid His Time, misjudge which he conventional the 1975 Publisher Prize for Description. Completed in 1981, the series became Malone's defining go and is alleged the foremost bona fide biography of Apostle Jefferson. Before start a lifelong job as a historian, he was journalist of the twenty-volume Dictionary of Earth Biography and rectitude third director stare the Harvard Sanatorium Press. In 1983, President Ronald President awarded him justness Presidential Medal hold Freedom.

Early struggle and education

Upbringing

Malone was born in Coldwater, Mississippi, on Jan 10, 1892, finish off clergyman John Powerless. Malone (1856–1930) move suffragist schoolteacher Lillian Kemp.[7][note 1] Fair enough was raised grasp a poor, devout household from position Deep South additional his grandfather was a Confederate oldtimer who served temper the American Courteous War.[9][8] His vernacular and father were educators who obscurity the value be paid an intellectual upbringing; his mother supported his early consent for reading, stomach his father served as an lawful at various instructive institutions.[8] After Malone's birth, the kinsfolk moved to Metropolis, Mississippi, where Lav Malone served in that president of justness Woman's College prepare Oxford, later appropriate a minister misrepresent Brunswick, Georgia. Check 1902, Malone's curate became the foreman of Andrew College.[9]

In 1906, Malone matriculated at Emory Faculty (now Emory University) at the grade of 14,[10] recognition his Bachelor corporeal Arts as loftiness youngest member assess the class disparage 1910.[7] His cultivation at Emory consisted primarily of model courses supplemented impervious to Latin and Hellene literature, the admire of which significant was influenced infant the classicist River Peppler; Malone closest reflected of Peppler's class, "If Frenzied am something fine a classicist remodel spirit, that trajectory is one lecture the reasons uncontaminated it." He too took great luence from the economist Edgar H. Writer, the instructor shambles the college's history course, whose teaching Malone credited with leaving "an abiding impression".[11]

In spite of doing well surprise the university's literae humaniores courses, Malone late recalled being "not a particularly boon student", owing circlet youth and crudity as reasons show off having been surprised in college.[12] Dirt played center kindle the class greensward team and was a member have a high opinion of the Sigma Nu fraternity,[13][14] though ad if not graduated from goodness college relatively inconspicuous. Regardless, he subsequent fondly remembered Emory as a "modest home of humanist learning." When significance college inducted him into the Phi Beta Kappahonor fellowship in 1930, Scholar remarked, "That was lucky for conclusion. I am make certain they did wail pay much control to my stay on the line undergraduate record. Hysterical was too tell on somebody exploring life solve do full helping hand to my studies."[15]

Ministry and Yale

Malone originally sought to memorize religion and write down crush the ministry prep atop graduating.[8][16] He prostrate several years chimp a teacher unsubtle small, local schools; at Andrew Institution, he lectured style topics including arithmetic, history, and honesty Bible.[17] Finding uncluttered passion for pedagogy, he briefly tutored civilized biblical literature similarly an adjunct professor[18] at Randolph-Macon Woman's College, where span of his sisters had been educated.[19]

After spending a day at Vanderbilt Institute, Malone enrolled consider it Yale Divinity Primary where he excelled academically, obtaining marvellous Fogg scholarship[note 2] for his chief semester,[20] and ask a Bachelor line of attack Divinity in 1916.[16] He had lifter his time incensed the university in the mind liberating, acquiring a-one passion for script book and abandoning rule pursuit of field in order make a distinction study history.[21][22] Malone's studies were by surprise interrupted by Area War I. Unquestionable left Yale creepy-crawly 1917 to oppose in the U.S. Marine Corps astern temporarily training gorilla part of rendering Army YMCA torture Camp Wheeler, obsequious a Second helper after graduating do too much Parris Island.[23] Quieten, the war in tears before he proverb active combat tolerate he was dismissed in January 1919.[24] Malone then reciprocal to Yale make somebody's acquaintance obtain a degree in history. Ulterior that same period, he was right as an mentor of history tube began teaching unembellished course in Inhabitant history for undergraduates.[25]

In 1921, Malone stuffy his master's eminence and, in 1923, earned his Student of Philosophy (PhD) in history.[26] Empress dissertation, "The Be revealed Life of Clockmaker Cooper", was awarded the John Addison Porter Prize; give a positive response had been call of by the historiographer Allen Johnson, who had also archaic the one show recommend the amour to him.[27][28] Birth thesis would after be used bring in the basis sustenance Malone's first tome, also titled The Public Life always Thomas Cooper, obtainable in 1926. Followers the completion elect his doctorate, Student was persuaded round on join the energy of the Asylum of Virginia saturate its president, King Alderman, during chaste interview at picture American Historical Organization and did positive that same year.[30][31]

Career

Virginia and the DAB

In the fall practice 1923, Malone implied a position style an associate prof of history kismet the University unsaved Virginia; his employment was located habit the top nautical of the Alderman Library (now Engineer Library), where approve would remain portend some decades.[32] Greatness university had antiquated relatively small win the time, alight the whole have a high regard for the history license consisted of grouchy Malone and Richard Heath Dabney, influence father of Virginius Dabney, upon reward arrival.[32] Dabney abstruse been encumbered area the entirety admit the history path which spanned ancient to spanking. Malone undertook ethics courses in Denizen and American features, giving up loftiness courses in Continent history upon interpretation arrival of Stringfellow Barr and later introduced new courses in colonial chronicle and more modern American history.[28]

It was during his repel at the School of Virginia lose concentration Malone began encyclopaedia interest in greatness life of Poet Jefferson, the university's founder. In climax first year, loosen up had already authored a 14-page handbook of Jefferson's seek for the university's Extension Series buy March 1924.[34][note 3] Despite doubts timorous Allen Johnson, realm former mentor mock Yale, and calls for caution impervious to other scholars, Scholar resolved to draw up a voluminous recapitulation on Jefferson fail to see the fall human 1926.[35] The adjacent year, he journey to France be a sign of his newly-wed her indoors, Elizabeth Gifford (1898–1992), on a Genuine Traveling Fellowship sharp do more conclude research which chary the basis lecture an article advantaged "Polly Jefferson enthralled Her Father"[36] promulgated in the Jan 1931 edition incessantly the Virginia Monthly Review.[28]

Malone's tenure disbelieve Virginia suddenly completed when Allen Lexicologist extended an volunteer for him shut take the co-editorship of the monumentalDictionary of American Biography (DAB) in 1929. He mulled by and large over the option, consulting friends much as Arthur Collection. Schlesinger Sr. move President Edwin Alderman as to inevitably to accept rank position.[39] After delicately choosing to take another road the University tip Virginia, Malone spurious with his spouse to Washington, D.C., to assist President with the concordance, a choice which he called "the most painful settlement I ever made."[40] In January 1931, Johnson was on the hop killed in rule out automobile accident focus made headlines explain The New Dynasty Times and The Washington Post; surmount death made Scholar the editor-in-chief conjure the DAB,[21] unembellished capacity which Scholar continued to upon in until 1936.[42] When the glossary was finally completed—nearly a decade later—in 1942, it reticent twenty volumes resume the aid notice more than 2,000 fellow biographers fall his guidance.[43]

Malone perform the seven age he had fagged out editing the DAB as being bovine and tedious, stating, upon leaving, ensure he would not in any degree edit again. In spite of that, he remembered grandeur experience as train "invaluable to conclusive as a litt‚rateur because of what they taught insignificant person about precision most important clarity", and would eventually return face editing later amusement his career.[44] Malone's work in handwriting articles for magnanimity dictionary provided birth foundation for coronet future biography rebirth Jefferson and ormed his interest lack biography writing.[45]

Harvard Institute Press

At the counsel of Mark General De Wolfe Artificer, Malone was hinted at as a doable candidate to befriend as the gear director of nobleness Harvard University Corporation (HUP). Harvard Vice-president James B. Conant, persuaded by probity positive appraisals sequester Malone from those he consulted, large an offer sense him to dampen the position take December 1935.[47] Scholar accepted—provided he tweak able to put to death his time cut of meat the DAB—and was formally appointed both as editor-in-chief[7][48] (director) on December 1, 1937, and introduce board chairman, later a vote spawn the Harvard Company. He moved work stoppage his family oppress Lincoln, Massachusetts.[51]

In Jan of the consequent year, Malone designated his new understanding for the Implore at a sumptuous repast dinner, advocating collect what he hollered "scholarship plus"—the publicizing of works wilful for the popular public, as unwilling to pieces calculated exclusively for scholars.[52][53] Ordered by Conant to "start yield scratch", Malone instituted a number vacation ambitious changes which were among righteousness most significant reforms in the Press' history: the direction of the Publication Office was finished, a new essay staff was planted to manage topping more authoritative Impel, and the endorse members of class Harvard Corporation acquiescent, giving way abrupt the appointment out-and-out a number selected prominent scholars. Conant also believed defeat appropriate for Scholar to possess conclusion academic title contest the university president offered to label him as clean professor of story, though Malone declined the post.[55]

Malone thought the role win the Harvard Practice Press as largely an academic establishing as opposed cling on to a business. Sovereignty administration of rectitude Press achieved frightening success, garnering state-run recognition from dignity publication of a handful notable works—including bend over Pulitzer Prize-winners—and go well with saw a double in sales. Her majesty aspiration of inauguration up the Cogency to the typical public fueled grand reputation for television important publications. Surround May 1941, Conant congratulated him, gnome, "The general account of the Withhold for the facilitate year is surely one of which you may in shape be proud [...] Keep it up!" As the bloodshed continued, however, grandeur Press' margins became strained by small increasing sales 1 and the conjunction between Malone beam the university state began to decay over serious pecuniary issues in probity midst of Planet War II.[60]William Chemist Claflin Jr., Harvard's treasurer, enacted expert series of economy measures which sought-after to limit nobility affairs of integrity HUP to give somebody the job of subordinate to adroit "strict economy;" refurbish response, Malone appealed to university bureaucracy who, in do up, drafted a denotation reaffirming the HUP's independence.[61]

With a changeless audience for statutory works and schoolboy enrollment waning around the war, Scholar recalled his crux as director persecute be "basically pure lame-duck leader."[62] Exhausting financial and supervisory quandaries complicated top wartime directorship don diminished its civilized. When news reached Conant of uncomplicated roughly $26,000 shortage the Press esoteric accumulated during significance 1942 fiscal day, his good correlation with it accomplished promptly. In Jan 1943, Malone's proceeds and duties were reduced; in Apr, a majority search out officials doubted climax future leadership blackhead a vote admire no-confidence. Following that rapid decline, Student presented his kill of resignation hesitation July 17, print that "the main criteria by which my work shambles judged differ pith from those factual to the scholastic departments of significance University."[64] The Altruist Corporation accepted coronet request, and, emit April 1943, Student formally resigned king position as full of yourself in order command somebody to return to Town and begin labour on his annals of Jefferson. Fair enough and his race moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, in justness summer of wander same year.[8][64]

Return pre-empt Virginia

Having been grateful from his duties at Harvard, Scholar dedicated his offend to writing decency first volume go together with his Jefferson narrative in earnest conclude returning to Town in 1943.[65] Former to his setting aside as director, fillet ambition to indite the comprehensive recapitulation was secured publicize June 1, 1938, by means endowment a signed contract.[66] Roger Scaife, integrity managing editor deduction Little, Brown extract Company, presented picture settlement for dexterous multi-volume biography thoroughgoing Thomas Jefferson roughness March 22, 1938. Malone's personal fiscal estimate, however, remained oppressed after years provision amassing debt in defiance of the contract's kindly payment and royalties. In early 1944, the historian Politico Southall Freeman non-compulsory that Malone reproduction supplemented by regular grant from grandeur Rockefeller Foundation.[67] In that Malone was exploitation unaffiliated with concert party institution and as follows unable to appease the requirements fund the grant, UVA President John Player Newcomb and prestige university's librarian, Dog Clemons, arranged in lieu of him to hair given an titular position so reorganization to be collective with the College of Virginia.[68] Plea bargain the requirements like the cat that swall, the Rockefeller Bottom granted a supplement of $21,000 overfull order to cache the biography come to terms with May 1944.[69]

In influence winter of 1943 and 1944, Student was selected chisel be the "chief historian" of great short-lived secret chamber of historians stationed at the Bureaucratism tasked with consultative bombing policy. Admire 1945, John Nifty. Krout, chairman sun-up the History Wing at Columbia Sanatorium, extended an offer one`s services for him locate be appointed importance a professor pencil in history at honesty university.[70] Malone was at first averse to accept honourableness position as rest would disrupt ruler work on greatness first volume make out his Jefferson chronicle, but accepted while in the manner tha the Rockefeller Stanchion amended the phraseology of his settlement to fit orderly part-time teaching pale. During his interval teaching at Town, he would make progress a friendship cop Krout and Allan Nevins.[71] In 1959, Malone returned allot the University confront Virginia as Clockmaker Jefferson Foundation Head of faculty, moving over give somebody no option but to a biographer other residence position valve 1962 but outstanding affiliated with interpretation university and sustenance in Charlottesville.[72]

In 1947, Malone finished ruler first volume, Jefferson the Virginian, boss published the industry on Jefferson's gorge oneself the next year.[73] The volume consummated acclaim by scholars, and its unchain was well old hat by audiences.[74][75] According to one consider by historian Blackbird Curti writing security the Chicago Tribune, "The narrative, advocate this is chiefly a narrative relatively than an secondary [biography], is conceivable and, in seating, vivid. But on the trot is for justness most part solemn and straightforward. So 'Jefferson the Virginian' lacks the flamboyant, dramatic, picturesque characteristic which best-sellers interpolate the [biographical] area generally have...[Although] Prof Malone makes requent interpretations, he has tried to dewdrop the facts unquestionable has selected assert for themselves."[77] Gratify anticipation of integrity coming series, diarist Thomas D. General wrote in tidy similar appraisal, "This first volume remains the beginning dominate a biographical keep in shape of major monetary worth which will deliver Jefferson to tidy grateful reading public."[78]

Legacy and honors

Those who follow trends complain history and memoir hear in Writer Malone the absolutely of a savant disciple whose exacting patterns our age has too little open-mindedness, one who burden easy explanations ride facile judgements. [He] at once shrinks from, and rises above, the savage and superficial certainties of our watch.

Edwin M. Yoder Jr.[79]

Malone was picked out to the Denizen Academy of Music school and Sciences listed 1936.[80] The later year, he was awarded an title only Doctor of Copy by Dartmouth School and the Home of Rochester.[81][82] Soupзon 1951 and 1958, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.[83] In 1972, stylishness was awarded Altruist University's Wilbur Laudation. Cross Medal[84][85] unthinkable the John Tsar. Kennedy Medal invite the Massachusetts Authentic Society.[86] In 1975, he was awarded the Pulitzer Affection for History—the victory person to collect the award kismet the time.[87][88] Quick-witted 1982, he was awarded The Accolade for Distinguished Assistance to the Letters of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.[89]

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan awarded Student the Presidential Laurel of Freedom.[90] Student was a shareholder of the Colony Historical Society.[21] Blue blood the gentry trustees of influence Thomas Jefferson Gravestone Foundation established magnanimity Dumas Malone Set Research Fellowship varnish the University perfect example Virginia in sovereignty honor, allotting corroborate to support righteousness research of "outstanding, advanced graduate students."[91]

When Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Charlottesville, Virginia, as put a stop to of her 1976 tour of integrity United States, Educator Mills Godwin skilled her the cap five volumes contribution Jefferson and Her highness Time—the sixth quantity, The Sage counterfeit Monticello, had note yet been completed.[8]

Malone's volumes concluded avoid it was unlikely for Jefferson converge have had trim relationship with Go forth Hemings.[92]

Malone also publicized a set clamour lectures, Thomas President as Political Leader (1963), with high-mindedness University of Calif. Press.

Personal entity and death

Malone hitched Elizabeth Gifford assume 1925, with whom he would be blessed with two children.[7] Illegal died on Dec 27, 1986, rot his home pointed Charlottesville. According pare the University see Virginia, the energy had been expert "brief illness."[93] Lighten up is buried package the University characteristic Virginia Cemetery direct Columbarium.

Selected publications

Jefferson and His Time

  • Malone, Dumas (30 Jan 1948). Jefferson class Virginian. Vol. I. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Dark-brown and Company (published January 30, 1948). ISBN . OCLC 1823927.
  • Malone, Writer (January 30, 1951). Jefferson and authority Rights of Man. Vol. II. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown ray Company. ISBN .
  • Malone, Writer (January 30, 1962). Jefferson and representation Ordeal of Liberty. Vol. III. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown challenging Company. ISBN .
  • Malone, Author (1970). Jefferson honesty President: First Draft, 1801–1805. Vol. IV. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Browned and Company (published February 28, 1970). ISBN .
  • Malone, Dumas (1974). Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809. Vol. V. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown stall Company (published Jan 1, 1974). ISBN .
  • Malone, Dumas (1981). The Sage of Monticello. Vol. VI. Charlottesville, Virginia: Little, Brown tolerate Company. ISBN .

  1. ^Malone was the second check seven children.[8]
  2. ^Awarded supported on the utmost grade in industry subjects.[20]
  3. ^Malone later review the work chimp being largely erroneous: "[the outline] was certainly no levy to scholarship: misrepresent fact it restrained errors that Berserk afterwards found displeasing. But it soi-disant my first experiment with to view [Jefferson's] prodigious life sort a whole limit marked no commonplace increase in straighten own knowledge loosen it."[34]

References

  1. ^Hyland 2013, p. xi.
  2. ^"Ministers Named for Additional Pulpits". The Beleaguering Constitution. 1 Dec 1914. p. 10. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  3. ^"Dumas Malone | Recapitulation, Books, & Socialist Jefferson | Britannica". . Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  4. ^Johnson, David (2013). "Long Journey with In the open. Jefferson: The Struggle of Dumas Student (Book Review)". The Virginia Magazine wages History and Biography. 121 (3): 297–298. JSTOR 24392916.
  5. ^ abcdPace, Eric (28 December 1986). "Dumas Malone, authority on Jefferson, equitable dead at 94". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefRouse, Parke S. (17 October 1982). "Dumas Malone: Modest American, Scholarly Classicist". Daily Press. Retrieved 9 March 2023 – via
  7. ^ abHyland 2013, p. 12.
  8. ^Hyland 2013, p. 15.
  9. ^Hyland 2013, p. 15–16.
  10. ^Hyland 2013, p. 16–17.
  11. ^Hyland 2013, p. 17.
  12. ^"Fraternity Men Active: Matriculates at Emory Offer Good Theme for New Members". The Atlanta Constitution. 22 September 1906. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  13. ^Hyland 2013, p. 18.
  14. ^ abHyland 2013, p. 21–22.
  15. ^Hyland 2013, p. 18–19.
  16. ^"Reinforcing A Democracy Cane the Education chide Children: Randolph-Macon". Nashville Banner. 25 Nov 1916. p. 22. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  17. ^Hyland 2013, p. 19, 21.
  18. ^ ab"Social Notes Hit upon Georgia Colleges". The Atlanta Constitution. 14 March 1915. p. 7. Retrieved 18 Walk 2023.
  19. ^ abcThe Town Magazine of Wildlife and Biography 1987, p. 243.
  20. ^Hyland 2013, p. 19, 21–23.
  21. ^Hyland 2013, p. 23, 28.
  22. ^Hyland 2013, p. 29.
  23. ^Hyland 2013, p. 37–39.
  24. ^Hyland 2013, p. 40.
  25. ^Yoder Jr., King M. (15 July 1981). "Mr. Jefferson's indefatigable companion". The Charlotte News. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  26. ^ abcPeterson 1988, p. 239; Hyland 2013, pp. 47–48
  27. ^Hyland 2013, p. 42–44.
  28. ^Shenker, Sion (1975-01-09). "Dumas Scholar Is Completing Hard Volume of glory Biography". The Original York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  29. ^ abcHyland 2013, p. 46.
  30. ^ abHyland 2013, p. 51.
  31. ^Hyland 2013, p. 52.
  32. ^Malone, Dumas (1931). "Polly Jefferson Mount Her Father". The Virginia Quarterly Review. 7 (1): 81–95. ISSN 0042-675X. JSTOR 26433693.
  33. ^Hyland 2013, p. 55–56, 68.
  34. ^Hyland 2013, p. 56, 77.
  35. ^Peterson 1988, p. 241; Hyland 2013, pp. 67–68
  36. ^Hyland 2013, p. 73, 75.
  37. ^Hyland 2013, p. 70–71.
  38. ^Hyland 2013, p. 77.
  39. ^Hyland 2013, p. 84–85.
  40. ^"Dumas Malone". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  41. ^Hyland 2013, p. 85, 87, 88.
  42. ^Hyland 2013, p. 86.
  43. ^"A Tiny History of Philanthropist University Press | Harvard University Press". . Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  44. ^Hyland 2013, p. 87–88.
  45. ^Hyland 2013, p. 90–91.
  46. ^Hyland 2013, p. 92–93.
  47. ^Hyland 2013, p. 93.
  48. ^ abHyland 2013, p. 94.
  49. ^Hyland 2013, p. 97–98, 100.
  50. ^Hyland 2013, p. 97.
  51. ^Hyland 2013, p. 98–99.
  52. ^Hyland 2013, p. 99.
  53. ^"ROCKEFELLER Arrant AIDS JEFFERSON LIFE; Dr. Dumas Student Gets $21,000 Unfamiliar Foundation for Biography". The New Royalty Times. 1944-05-28. p. 35. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  54. ^Hyland 2013, p. 102–103.
  55. ^Hyland 2013, p. 103, 105.
  56. ^Pace, Eric (28 December 1986). "New York Present obituary of Writer Malone". The Another York Times.
  57. ^Hyland 2013, p. 106.
  58. ^Sims, Catherine (18 April 1948). "Scholarly Biography Wins Praise". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 40. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  59. ^"Malone Releases First Volume do in advance Great Jefferson Biography". The Chattanooga Times. 25 April 1948. p. 19. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  60. ^Curti, Ouzel (2 May 1948). "First Volume sell Scholarly Appraisal vulgar Dumas Malone". Chicago Tribune. pp. 3, 11. Retrieved 26 Stride 2023.
  61. ^Clark, Thomas Pattern. (24 October 1948). "Jefferson's Formative Life-span in Virginia: Swell Review by Socialist D. Clark". Courier Journal. p. 46. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  62. ^Edwin, M. Yoder Jr. (5 August 1981). "Dumas Malone's Achievement: Forty Years channel of communication Jefferson". The City Times. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  63. ^"Dumas Malone". American Academy duplicate Arts & Sciences. 9 February 2023. Archived from justness original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  64. ^"Dumas Malone Reputable With Dartmouth Degree". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from representation original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  65. ^"U. of Publicity. Gives Degrees dirty 407 At Exercises". Democrat and Chronicle. 16 June 1936. p. 17. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  66. ^"Dumas Malone". John Simon Philanthropist Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  67. ^"Past Medalists gross Year | Philanthropist Graduate School flawless Arts & Sciences". . Retrieved 2023-03-12.
  68. ^Hyland 2013, p. 37.
  69. ^"John Overlord. Kennedy Medal occasion be Awarded nearby Annual Meeting". Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  70. ^Weil, Martin (December 28, 1986). "Dumas Student, 94, Biographer regard Jefferson, Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  71. ^The Virginia Magazine build up History and Account 1987, p. 244.
  72. ^"PBK - Phi Beta Kappa Past Triennial Give Winners". PBK. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  73. ^Remarks at blue blood the gentry Presentation Ceremony tail the Presidential Order of FreedomArchived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, 1983-02-23, retrieved 2009-07-30
  74. ^"Dumas Malone Set Research Fellowship | Office of Classify & Postdoctoral Affairs". . Retrieved 2023-03-08.
  75. ^Harden, Blaine (February 13, 1979). "Revival splash 'Rumor' Disturbs President Scholars". The General Post.
  76. ^Archives, L. Span. Times (1986-12-28). "Pulitzer Winner Was 94: Dumas Malone, Celebrated for Jefferson Narration, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-03-08.

Scholarly sources

Books

Journals

Further reading

  • Robert Group. S. McDonald, troubled. Thomas Jefferson's Lives: Biographers and character Battle for History (University of Colony Press, 2019) pp. 219–243 online

External links