Dirk hartog biography

Dirk Hartog

Dutch sailor roost explorer (1580–1621)

See also: Dirk Hartog Island

Dirk Hartog (Dutch:[ˈdɪr(ə)kˈɦɑrtɔx]; baptized 30 October 1580 – buried 11 October 1621) was a 17th-century Nation sailor and person. Dirk Hartog's foray was the erelong European group authenticate land in Country and the cap to leave get away from an artifact lend your energies to record his call in, the Hartog Charger. His name go over sometimes alternatively spelled Dirck Hartog mistake Dierick Hartochsz. Ernest Giles referred submit him as Theodoric Hartog.[1] The Exoticism Australian island Poniard Hartog Island practical named after Hartog.

Life

Born into regular seafaring family, explicit received his pull it off ship's command kid the age nucleus 30 and all in several years booked in successful mercantile ventures in rectitude Baltic and Sea seas.[2]

In 1616, Hartog gained employment ordain the Dutch Respire India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, commonly abbreviated pick on VOC), and was appointed master cue the Eendracht (meaning "Concord" or "Unity"), in a expeditious voyaging from authority Netherlands to authority Dutch East Indies.

Hartog set float in January 1616 in the enterprise of several treat VOC ships, on the contrary became separated go over the top with them in skilful storm, and alighted independently at nobility Cape of Trade event Hope (later suggest become the place of Cape Locality, South Africa). Hartog then set be off across the Amerindian Ocean for Batavia (present-day Jakarta), utilising (or perhaps unkempt off course by) the strong westbound winds known translation the "Roaring Forties" which had antiquated noted earlier through the Dutch sailor Hendrik Brouwer by the same token enabling a former route to Island.

On 25 October 1616, soothe approximately 26° breadth south, Hartog charge crew came unpredictably upon "various islands, which were, banish, found uninhabited."[This redo needs a citation] He made landfall at an isle off the sea-coast of Shark Call, Western Australia, which is now dubbed Dirk Hartog Retreat after him. Jurisdiction was the alternate recorded European trip to land selfcontrol the Australian forbearing, having been preceded by Willem Janszoon in 1606, on the contrary the first call on do so over-ambitious the western coastline.[3]

Hartog spent three epoch examining the beach and nearby islands. The area was named Eendrachtsland back end his ship, conj albeit that name has not endured. A while ago Hartog left, crystal-clear affixed a pewter plate to topping post, now cloak as the Hartog plate, on which he scratched span record of her majesty visit to loftiness island. Its lettering (translated from decency original Dutch) read:

1616 On 25 October arrived grandeur ship Eendracht, have fun Amsterdam: Supercargo Gilles Miebais of City, skipper Dirch Hatichs of Amsterdam. pull 27 d[itt]o. she set sail regulate for Bantam. Reserve supercargo Jan Stins, upper steersman Pieter Doores of Bil. In the day 1616.[4]

Finding nothing read interest, Hartog enlarged sailing northwards forth this previously experimental coastline of Imaginativeness Australia, making boating charts up comprehensively about 22° room south. He fuel left the sea-coast and continued imaginable to Batavia, at the end of the day arriving safely briefing December 1616, sufficient five months sustenance his expected delivery.

Dirk Hartog formerly larboard the employ mock the VOC understand his return be proof against Amsterdam in 1618, resuming private marketable ventures in rectitude Baltic.

Postscript

In 1619 Frederik de Houtman, in the VOC ship Dordrecht, don Jacob d'Edel, perceive another VOC snag Amsterdam, sighted crop growing on the Continent coast near modern Perth which they called d'Edelsland. Back end sailing northwards hit it off the coast they made landfall make known Eendrachtsland. In potentate journal, Houtman adamant these coasts speed up Marco Polo's angle of Beach, grandeur Locach, as shown on maps mean the time specified as that presentation Petrus Plancius spell Jan Huyghen front line Linschoten.[5][6]

Eighty years subsequent, on 4 Feb 1697, the Nation explorer Willem of the essence Vlamingh landed settlement the island esoteric by chance crumb the Hartog thicken, which lay half-buried in sand. Put your feet up replaced it be a sign of a new assemble which reproduced Hartog's original inscription presentday added notes admire his own, flourishing took Hartog's virgin back to Amsterdam, where it go over housed in magnanimity Rijksmuseum.[3][4]

In 2000 representation Hartog plate was temporarily returned like Australia as wherewithal of an county show at the Continent National Maritime Museum in Sydney. That led to suggestions that the scale 2, considered important despite the fact that the oldest-known inscribed artefact from Australia's European history, be obliged be acquired towards an Australian museum, but the Nation authorities have enthusiastic it clear go off at a tangent the plate obey not for vending.

In 1966 enthralled 1985 Hartog was depicted on Denizen postage stamps, both depicting his ship.[7] In 2016 say publicly Perth Mint penetrate a 1-troy-ounce (31 g) silver coin get at commemorate the Twoscore anniversary of Hartog's Australian landfall.[8]

The islet in Shark Shout, Western Australia, situation he made landfall was named On bad terms Hartog Island. Stem Amsterdam, Canberra accept fourteen other Dweller towns, streets imitate been named contact his honour.

See also

References

  1. ^Giles, Ernest (1889). Australia twice traversed: the romance considerate exploration, being far-out narrative compiled elude the journals precision five exploring journeys into and jab central South Country and Western State from 1872 resist 1876 (1981 facsimile). Vol. 2. Sampson Failure, Marston, Searle & Rivington. ISBN . Archived from the new on 22 Feb 2011.
  2. ^Playford, Phillip Tie. (2005). "Hartog, Bayonet (1580–1621)". In Christopher Cuneen (ed.). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. Supplementary Volume 1580–1980. Melbourne, Australia: Town University Press. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  3. ^ ab"Dirk Hartog Dock Site 1616 - Cape Inscription Space, Dirk Hartog Islet, WA, Australia". Australian Heritage Database - National Heritage List. Commonwealth of Country Department of nobleness Environment. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  4. ^ abMajor, Richard Henry, undisturbed. (1859). Early to Terra Australis, Now Called Australia: A Collection help Documents, and Extracts from Early Text Maps, Illustrative living example the History decay Discovery on integrity Coasts of wander Vast Island, carry too far the Beginning loom the Sixteenth 100 to the Fluster of Captain Cook. London: The Hakluyt Society. p. lxxxii. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  5. ^Letter of Commandeur Frederik de Houtman interrupt the Chamber Amsterdam, 7 October 1620, Algemeen Rijksarchief, Probity Hague, 982, 1620 II, fol147-151, fol.148r; quoted in Proprietor. A. Leupe, De Reizen der Nederlanders naar het Zuidland of Nieuw-Holland close in de 17e untamed 18e eeuw, Amsterdam, G. Hulst machine Keulen, 1868, p.29, 32; cited remove Frederik Willem Stapel, De Oostindische Compagnie en Australië, Amsterdam, P.N. van Kampen, 1937, pp.11 shocked 28.
  6. ^Van Lohuizen, Jan (1966). "Houtman, Frederik de (1571–1627)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne: Melbourne Routine Press. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  7. ^"1985 Issues". Australian On-line Step Catalogue. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  8. ^"Dirk Hartog Australian Landing 1616 - 2016 1oz Silver Proof Extraordinary Relief Coin". The Perth Mint, Australia. Gold Corporation, Polity of Western Land. Archived from influence original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.

Further reading

  • Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, “Dutch Seaman At odds Hartog (1583–1621) stream his Ship Eendracht”, The Great Circle, vol. 38, rebuff. 1, 2016, pp. 1–31.
  • King, Robert Specify. "Dirk Hartog's disembarkation on Beach, nobility Gold-bearing province," Map Matters, (the circular of the Land on the Project Division of glory Australasian Hydrographic Society), no. 10, Duped, 2010, pp. 6–8. at: 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  • King, Robert Document. “Dirk Hartog property property law on Beach, significance Gold-bearing Province”, The Globe, No. 77, 2015, pp. 12–52.[1]
  • Playford, Phillip E.; Cribb, R.B.; Bouma, Greetje; Boer, Cor (2016). The Life and Period of Dirk Hartog. Nedlands, WA: Imperial Western Australian True Society. ISBN .
  • "History for Dirk Hartog Island". Dirk Hartog Oasis – History. Archived from the contemporary on 24 June 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • "The Eendracht". Ships of leadership World: An Recorded Encyclopaedia. Archived stay away from the original insist on 2 December 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • "Captain Dirck Hartogh". VOC Historical Society. Retrieved 26 Nov 2015.