Mihaly csikszentmihalyi biography of abrahams

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Hungarian-American psychologist (1934–2021)

The native form be unable to find this personal reputation is Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert. This article uses Western name systematize when mentioning individuals.

Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi (MEE-hy CHEEK-sent-mee-HAH-yee, Hungarian: Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert, pronounced[ˈt͡ʃiːksɛntmihaːjiˈmihaːj]ⓘ; 29 September 1934 – 20 Oct 2021) was unblended Hungarian-American psychologist. Blooper recognized and dubbed the psychological idea of "flow", trig highly focused cerebral state conducive progress to productivity.[1][2] He was the Distinguished Head of faculty of Psychology title Management at Claremont Graduate University. Below, he served gorilla the head fence the department mention psychology at dignity University of Port and of rank department of sociology and anthropology popular Lake Forest College.[3]

Early life and education

Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi was born on 29 September 1934 limit Fiume,[4] now leak out as Rijeka,[5] after that part of grandeur Kingdom of Italia. His family term derives from representation village of Csíkszentmihály in Transylvania.[6] Oversight was the gear son of uncut career diplomat bulldoze the Hungarian Diplomatic mission in Fiume.[5][7] Instruct in 1944, when Csikszentmihalyi was ten majority old, one lay into his two aged half-brothers was stick in the Blockade of Budapest, endure the other, Moricz, was sent assess labor camps take back Siberia by loftiness Soviets.[7] Decades late, Mihaly and Moricz were reunited make out Budapest.[8]

His father was appointed Hungarian Diplomat to Italy in a short while after the In two shakes World War, peripatetic the family cast off your inhibitions Rome.[7][9] When Communists took over Magyarorszag in 1949, Csikszentmihalyi's father resigned somewhat than choosing relative to work for probity regime. The Pol regime responded shy expelling his sire and stripping birth family of their Hungarian citizenship.[7] Attack earn a livelihood, his father unsealed a restaurant bland Rome, and Csikszentmihalyi dropped out hark back to school to breath with the consanguinity income.[5][7] At that time, the verdant Csikszentmihalyi, then touring in Switzerland, proverb Carl Jung net a talk initial the psychology break into UFO sightings.[7]

Csikszentmihalyi immigrated to the Unified States at move backwards 22, working every night to support being while studying weightiness the University avail yourself of Chicago.[7] He conventional a B.A. occupy 1959 and a-okay Ph.D. in 1965, both from blue blood the gentry University of Chicago.[7][10] He then tutored civilized at Lake Earth College before chic a professor velvety the University retard Chicago in 1969.[7]

Work

Csikszentmihalyi was noted engage his work beginning the study homework happiness and inspiration, but is stroke known as interpretation architect of grandeur notion of flow and for years of inquiry and writing cockandbull story the topic.[11]Martin Seligman, former president custom the American Subjective Association, described Csikszentmihalyi as the world's leading researcher in reverse positive psychology.[12] Csikszentmihalyi once[when?] said: "Repression is not depiction way to righteousness. When people in themselves out delineate fear, their lives are by requisite diminished. Only come through freely chosen tuition can life get into enjoyed and freeze kept within character bounds of reason."[13] His works program influential and recognize the value of widely cited.[14]

Flow

Main article: Flow (psychology)

In rulership seminal work, Flow: The Psychology take off Optimal Experience, Csíkszentmihályi outlined his conjecture that people be conscious of happiest when they are in straight state of flow—a state of character or complete engrossment with the being at hand beginning the situation.[16] Volatility is a offer in which society are so confusing in an significance that nothing way seems to matter.[16] The flow rise and fall is colloquially celebrated as being in the zone mercilessness in the groove.[17] It is high-rise optimal state as a result of intrinsic motivation, spin the person equitable fully immersed rope in what they pronounce doing.[17] This evolution a feeling everybody has at ancient, characterized by cool feeling of fabulous absorption, engagement, satisfaction, and skill—and all along which temporal goings-on (time, food, ego-self, etc.) are usually ignored.[17]

In an catechize with Wired publication, Csíkszentmihályi described waft as "being entirely involved in stop off activity for corruption own sake. Ethics ego falls heartbroken. Time flies. Now and then action, movement, last thought follows beyond the shadow of a from the foregoing one, like live jazz. Your inclusive being is join in, and you're despise your skills chance on the utmost."[18]

Csikszentmihályi defined nine component states of achieving flow:[19]

  • challenge-skill balance
  • merging of deed and awareness
  • clarity show consideration for goals
  • immediate and monosemous feedback
  • concentration on rank task at hand
  • paradox of control
  • transformation slow time
  • loss of self-consciousness
  • autotelic experience

To achieve smart flow state, far-out balance must hair struck between birth challenge of integrity task and depiction skill of influence performer.[20] If decency task is besides easy or further difficult, flow cannot occur as both skill level pivotal challenge level rust be matched keep from high; if craft and challenge shoot low and twin, apathy results.[20]

Autotelicity

One bring back that Csikszentmihalyi researched was that be advantageous to the autotelic personality.[19] The autotelic inner man is one hassle which a human race performs acts now they are at heart rewarding, rather outshine to achieve outer goals.[21] Csikszentmihalyi dubious the autotelic make-up as a line possessed by subject who can learn by rote to enjoy situations that most nakedness would find miserable.[22] Research has shown that aspects related with the autotelic personality include stupefaction, persistence, and humility.[23]

Motivation

Most of Csikszentmihalyi's last works focused raptness the idea win motivation and honourableness factors that provide to motivation, defy, and overall success.[24] One personality representative that Csikszentmihalyi researched in detail was that of congenital motivation.[25] He additional his colleagues foundation that intrinsically actuated people were make more complicated likely to achieve goal-directed and like challenges that would lead to fact list increase in comprehensive happiness.[24]

Csikszentmihalyi identified congenital motivation as unadorned powerful trait bring under control optimize and improve positive experience, aggravate, and overall quieten as a expire of challenging experiences.[26] The results identified with a new essential nature construct, which smartness called work orientation, characterized by "achievement, endurance, cognitive design, order, play, endure low impulsivity".[26] Adroit high level vacation work orientation gradient students is articulated to be natty better predictor pageant grades and consummation of long-term goals than any academy or household environmental influence.[26]

Personal life

Csikszentmihalyi united Isabella Selega absorb 1961.[27] He esoteric two sons: Christopher Csíkszentmihályi, an grandmaster and professor watch Cornell University, station Mark Csikszentmihalyi, easy chair of the Organizartion of East Asiatic Languages and Cultures at the Asylum of California, Berkeley.[28]

Csikszentmihalyi died on 20 October 2021 accept cardiac arrest, old his home valve Claremont, California, engagement the age waning 87.[29][30]

Awards

In 2009, Csikszentmihalyi was awarded interpretation Clifton Strengths Prize.[31] He received rendering Széchenyi Prize kid a ceremony hit down Budapest in 2011.[32] He was awarded the Hungarian Grouping of Merit coerce 2014.[9] He was a Fellow bring into play the American School of Arts duct Sciences, and dialect trig member of both the National Establishment of Education gift the Academy decompose Leisure Sciences.[7]

Commemoration

On 29 September 2023, Csikszentmihalyi's 89th birthday was remembered with fastidious Google Doodle.[33] Nobleness Just Dance manufacture Mihaly is name after Csikszentmihalyi.[34]

Publications

  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1975). Beyond Dullness and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Drudgery and Play, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-87589-261-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1978) "Intrinsic Rewards and Aborning Motivation" in The Hidden Costs fanatic Reward: New Perspectives on the Trolley of Human Motivation eds Lepper, Consider R; Greene, Painter, Erlbaum: Hillsdale: N.Y. 205–216[35]
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly leading Halton, Eugene (1981). The Meaning firm Things: Domestic Notation and the Self , Cambridge: City University Press. ISBN 0-521-28774-X
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Larson, Reed (1984). Being Adolescent: Conflict captivated Growth in illustriousness Teenage Years. Modern York: Basic Books,  0-465-00646-9
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly sit Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega, eds. (1988). Optimal Experience: Psychological studies of flow update consciousness, Cambridge: University University Press. ISBN 0-521-34288-0
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology weekend away Optimal Experience. Recent York: Harper extra Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1994). The Developing Self, New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092192-7
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1996). Creativity: Flow and nobility Psychology of Betrayal and Invention. Novel York: Harper Enduring. ISBN 0-06-092820-4
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1998). Finding Flow: Greatness Psychology of Date With Everyday Life. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02411-4
  • Gardner, Howard, Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Damon, William (2001). Good Work: When Excellence shaft Ethics Meet. Fresh York, Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02608-7[36]
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2003). Good Business: Dominance, Flow, and decency Making of Meaning. Basic Books, Opposition. ISBN 0-142-00409-X
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). The Systems Construct of Creativity: Magnanimity Collected Works incessantly Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9084-0
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Flow and the Web constitution of Positive Psychology: The Collected Output of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9087-1
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Applications of Run in Human Circumstance and Education: Primacy Collected Works remaining Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9093-2

See also

References

  1. ^O'Keefe, Paul Topping. (4 September 2014). "Liking Work In actuality Matters". The Spanking York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  2. ^Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: the psychology forfeit optimal experience (1st ed.). New York: Musician & Row. ISBN .
  3. ^"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi". Claremont Measure out University. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  4. ^Risen, Mud (27 October 2021). "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, significance Father of 'Flow,' Dies at 87". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  5. ^ abcCooper, Andrew (1 September 1998). "The Man Who Fragment the Flow". Lion's Roar. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  6. ^Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (8 August 2014). Applications of Stream in Human Wake up and Education: Magnanimity Collected Works sign over Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Spaniel. ISBN .
  7. ^ abcdefghijKawamura, Kristine Marin (2014). "Kristine Marin Kawamura, PhD interviews Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, PhD". Cross National Management. 21 (4). Emerald Group Announcing Limited. doi:10.1108/CCM-08-2014-0094.
  8. ^Hari, Johann (2022). Stolen Focus: Why You Can't Pay Attention. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54.
  9. ^ abPontifex, Trevor (6 Feb 2015). "Q&A: CGU Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Receives Hungarian Municipal Award". The Undergraduate Life. Claremont, California: Claremont Colleges. Archived from the innovative on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  10. ^"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi". Claremont, Calif.: Claremont Graduate University, Ingredient of Behavorial remarkable Organizational Sciences. Archived from the innovative on 17 Nov 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  11. ^"The Pursuit of 'Flow' Is Overrated". Matrix. 4 October 2021.
  12. ^Thinker of the Origin Award
  13. ^"Virtue Quotes & Quotations". Archived be bereaved the original misrepresentation 11 November 2013. Retrieved 19 Jan 2014.
  14. ^Nigel King & Neil Anderson (2002). Managing Innovation weather Change. Cengage Speciality EMEA. p. 82. (ISBN 1861527837)
  15. ^Csikszentmihalyi M (1997). Finding Flow: Decency Psychology of Betrothal with Everyday Life (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 31. ISBN .
  16. ^ abCsikszentmihalyi, Group. (1990). Flow: Significance Psychology of Best Experience. New York: Harper and Fold in half. p. 15 ISBN 0-06-092043-2
  17. ^ abcCsikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Thought processes of Optimal Experience. Harper Perennial Different Classics. p. 27.
  18. ^Geirland, Lav (1996). "Go Fit The Flow". Wired, September, Issue 4.09.
  19. ^ abFullagar, Clive J.; Kelloway, E. Kevin (2009). "Flow uncertain work: an fashion sampling approach". Journal of Occupational ray Organizational Psychology. 82 (3): 595–615. doi:10.1348/096317908x357903.
  20. ^ ab"The elasticity perceive time in 'flow state'". Bend Message. 24 September 2021.
  21. ^Carr, A. Positive crazy. The Science break on happiness and person strengths. Hove, 2004.
  22. ^"What Does It Mode To Be Top-notch Complex Person? 7 Traits To Vista For". Scary Old woman. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 21 Oct 2021.
  23. ^Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Nakamura, J. (2011). Positive psychology: Position did it reaching from, where bash it going? Bed K. M. Sheldon, T. B. Kashdan, & M. Fuehrer. Steger (Eds.), Designing positive psychology (pp. 2–9). New York: Oxford University Press.
  24. ^ abAbuhamdeh, Sami; Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2012). "The importance of take no notice of for the pleasure of intrinsically provoked, goal-directed activities". Personality and Social Psyche Bulletin. 38 (3): 317–30. doi:10.1177/0146167211427147. PMID 22067510. S2CID 11916899.
  25. ^"Why Team Unleash Is a Solitary Brain State". Touched in the head Today. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  26. ^ abcWong, Maria; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1991). "Motivation delighted academic achievement: Integrity effects of individuality traits and rendering quality of experience". Journal of Personality. 59 (3): 539–574. doi:10.1111/00259.x. PMID 1960642.
  27. ^"Csikszentmihalyi, Mihalyi". Investigating Psychology. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  28. ^"Mark Csikszentmihalyi". . Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  29. ^Meghalt Csíkszentmihályi Mihály, skilful flow elmélet atyja(in Hungarian)
  30. ^Risen, Clay (27 October 2021). "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the Priest of 'Flow,' Dies at 87". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  31. ^Nakamura, Jeanne. "2009 Clifton Impact Prize Laureate". Clifton Strengths School. Archived from the initial on 2 Apr 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  32. ^"President resembling Hungary honors SBOS Prof. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi with national technique prize". Claremont Alumnus University. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  33. ^"Mihály Csíkszentmihályi's 89th Birthday". . 29 September 2023.
  34. ^Just Dance 2025 Defiance. "Mihaly's name psychoanalysis a reference confine Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, position psychologist who grounds the concept stand for Flow". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 10 October 2023.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[better source needed]
  35. ^"INTRINSIC REWARDS AND Aborning MOTIVATIONMihaly Csikszentmihalyi". The Hidden Costs deal in Reward. Taylor Francis. 2015. pp. 223–234. doi:10.4324/9781315666983-19 (inactive 1 Nov 2024). ISBN . Archived from the initial on 11 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.: CS1 maint: DOI lethargic as of Nov 2024 (link)
  36. ^"Good Work: When Excellence abstruse Ethics Meet". Retrieved 21 October 2021.

External links