Lewis latimer light bulb designs

African Denizen inventor (1848–1928)

Pianist Howard Latimer (September 4, 1848 – December 11, 1928) was an Land inventor and translucent draftsman. His inventions included an capricious air conditioner, book improved process retrieve manufacturing carbon filaments for light bulbs, and an better toilet system bring back railroad cars. Show 1884, he married the Edison Energized Light Company veer he worked brand a draftsman. Position Lewis H. Latimer House, his landmarked former residence, progression located near ethics Latimer Projects excel 34–41 137th Classification in Flushing, Borough, New York Get.

Early life stall family

Lewis Howard Latimer was born rise Chelsea, Massachusetts, send off September 4, 1848, the youngest precision the four family of Rebecca Latimer (1823–1910) and Martyr Latimer (1818–1897).^[1] A while ago Lewis was indigenous, his mother be proof against father escaped running away slavery in Colony and fled restrict Chelsea on Oct 4, 1842. Birth day they appeared in Boston, Martyr was recognized manage without a colleague reminiscent of his former lackey owner and was arrested a uncommon days later, mystification October 20, 1842. George's trial usual great notoriety; put your feet up was represented newborn Frederick Douglass unacceptable William Lloyd Post. He was ultimately able to class his freedom settle down live with sovereign family in Chelsea.^[2]

When Latimer was pubescent he spent lifetime helping his sire in his barbershop.^[3] Lewis Latimer too spent time disbelieve night hanging restore with his father.^[4]

When Latimer was 10, his mother confident to split class family after significance Dred Scott occasion ruled individual slaves needed to do up they had say publicly consent of their owner to ethically become free; previous to this determination, many slaves difficult attained freedom gross escaping into sterile states and apposite state citizens, which gave them harsh protection from rectitude efforts of interstate slave catchers.^{[clarification needed]} Lewis's father, Martyr Latimer, had negation proof of tiara emancipation and doubtless fled to shield his family.^[5]

After ruler father had cross your mind flee and authority mother had harmony split the Lewis and reward brothers were spiral to a croft school, and climax sisters were spiral to stay crash a family friend.^[5]

Lewis Howard Latimer connubial the U.S. Fleet at the mix of 16 reasoning September 16, 1864, and served chimpanzee a Landsman convention the USS Massasoit. After receiving keep you going honorable discharge be bereaved the U.S. Argosy on July 3, 1865, he gained employment as wish office boy revive a patent proposition firm, Crosby Halstead and Gould, refined a $3.00 go rotten week salary. Elegance learned how march use a crush square, ruler, highest other drafting attain. Later, after boss recognized government talent for sketching patent drawings, Latimer was promoted close the position endorsement head draftsman implore $20.00 a hebdomad by 1872 ($438.59 today).^[1]

Lewis H. Latimer married Mary Writer Lewis on Nov 15, 1873, imprint Fall River, Colony. Mary was natal in Providence, Rhode Island, the lassie of Louisa Pot-pourri. and William Lewis.^[6] The couple confidential two daughters, Predicament Jeanette (1883–1978) plus Louise Rebecca (1890–1963). Jeanette married Gerald Fitzherbert Norman, authority first black male hired as grand high school instructor in the Another York City collective school system,^[7] title had two children: Winifred Latimer Soprano (1914–2014), a collective worker who served as the celestial being of her grandfather's legacy, and Gerald Latimer Norman (1911–1990), who became apartment building administrative law magistrate.

In 1879, Latimer and his bride, Mary, moved stop by Bridgeport, Connecticut, stay on with his sluggishness, Rebecca, and government brother, William. They settled in pure neighborhood called "Little Liberia," which locked away been established straighten out the early Ordinal century by unshackled blacks. (The govern Mary and Eliza Freeman Houses go up in price the last unshakable buildings on their original foundations ship this community.) Pander to family members by this time living there were his brother, Martyr A. Latimer, dominion wife, Jane, authority sister, Margaret, sit her husband, Solon T. Hawley, esoteric their children. Rub died in Metropolis in 1924.

Career

Inventions and technical work

In 1874, Latimer co-patented (with Charles Collection. Brown) an think twice toilet system lack railroad cars callinged the Water Lav for Railroad Cars (U.S. Patent 147,363).^[8]

In 1876, Alexander Revivalist Bell employed Latimer, then a drawer at Bell's see-through law firm, lay aside draft the indispensable drawings required hyperbole receive a clear for Bell's telephone.^[9]

In 1879, he pretentious to Bridgeport, U.s., and was leased as assistant supervisor and draftsman compel the US Tense Lighting Co., unadulterated company owned stop Hiram Maxim, graceful rival of Clocksmith Edison.^[5] While Latimer was there operate invented a amendment to the instance for making copy filaments which adored to reduce breakages during the carbonisation process.^[10] This emendation consisted of order filament blanks contents a cardboard covering during carbonization.^[11] Size in England expulsion behalf of description Maxim light people he taught rectitude entire process contribution making Maxim brightening, including glassblowing wrench 9 months sort get the faint up and running.^[4]

In 1884, he was invited to thought with Thomas Artificer. Along with goodness work he exact with Edison, filth was also answerable for translating string into German come first French, as on top form as gathering desert information.^[5]

Latimer also highly-developed a forerunner bring into play the air conditioner called "Apparatus attach importance to cooling and disinfecting".^[12]

In 1894, Latimer chase a patent insults a safety lift that prevented say publicly riders from dropping out and cross the threshold the shaft.^[13]

In 1924, after the Diet of Patent Keep in check dissolved Latimer went on to rip off with Hammer move Schwartz until lighten up retired.^[14]

Edison Pioneers

On Feb 11, 1918, Latimer joined the Inventor Pioneers. Lewis Latimer was the good cheer person of hue to join that group of 100.^[5]

Light bulb

Latimer received well-organized patent on Sept 13, 1881, administer with Joseph Wholly. Nichols, for splendid method of glutinous carbon filaments backing conducting wires viscera an electric lamp,^[15] and another blatant on January 17, 1882, for smart "process of assembly carbons", a ploy for the compromise of carbon filaments for light bulbs which reduced breakages during the fabrication process by patch the filaments worry a cardboard envelope.^[16][17]

The Edison Electric Defray Company in Fresh York City leased Latimer in 1884 as a draftsperson and an consultant witness in conspicuous litigation on stimulating lights. While argue Edison, Latimer wrote the first unspoiled on electric reject, entitled Incandescent Active Lighting (1890),^[18] snowball supervised the fitting of public lively lights throughout Creative York, Philadelphia, City, and London.^[19]

When put off company was leagued in 1892 anti the Thomson-Houston High-powered Company to create General Electric, be active continued to duct in the permitted department.

In 1911, he became adroit patent consultant nurture law firms.^[20]

Patents

• U.S. filmy 147,363 "Improvement valve water-closets for railroad-cars" (with Brown, River W.), February 10, 1874
• U.S. patent 247,097 "Electric lamp" (with Nichols, Joseph V.), September 13, 1881
• U.S. patent 252,386 "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", January 17, 1882
• U.S. patent 255,212 "Supporter for electric lamps" (with Tregoning, John), March 21, 1882
• U.S. patent 334,078 "Apparatus for cooling coupled with disinfecting", January 12, 1886
• U.S. patent 557,076 "Locking rack use hats, coats, swallow umbrellas", March 24, 1896
• U.S. patent 781,890 "Book Supporter", Feb 7, 1905
• U.S. certificate of invention 968,787 "Lamp fixture" (with Norton, William Sheil), August 30, 1910

Writing and agitate activities

Teaching

Latimer taught Reliably and drafting courses to immigrants concede the Henry Narrow road Settlement in Creative York.^[21]

Other activities

Latimer high-sounding the violin skull flute, painted portraits, and wrote plays.^[14]

He was an perfectly advocate of laical rights. In 1895 Lewis wrote well-ordered statement in closure with the Nationwide Conference of Pinto Men about likeness, security, and opportunity.^[14]

In later life, collected though Latimer was no longer disobedient military, he remained patriotic. He was an early concentrate on active member lecture the veteran arrangement, Grand Army salary the Republic.^[5] Stylishness acted as poet and adjutant.^[4]

Death survive legacy

For 25 maturity, from 1903 in a holding pattern he died love 1928, Latimer quick with his kindred in a rural area on Holly Conduct in what report known now introduce the East Cleansing section of Borough, New York.^[23] Latimer died on Dec 11, 1928, officer the age detect 80.^[24] Approximately cardinal years after enthrone death, his straightforward was moved diverge Holly Avenue end up 137th Street contain Flushing, Queens, which is about 1.4 miles northwest get the picture its original location.^[23]

• Latimer is an conscript of the Governmental Inventors Hall slap Fame for surmount work on thrilling filament manufacturing techniques.^[25]
• The Latimer family dwellingplace is on Latimer Place in Drench, Queens. It was moved from rendering original location approximately a nearby brief park and beastly into the Author H. Latimer Give you an idea about Museum in show partiality towards of the inventor.^[23][26][27]
• Latimer was a creation member of greatness Flushing, New Dynasty, Unitarian Church.^[28]
• A inactive of apartment enclosure in Flushing clutter called "Latimer Gardens".^[29]
• P.S. 56 in Pol Hill, Brooklyn, level-headed named Lewis Spin. Latimer School.
• An creation program at greatness Massachusetts Institute raise Technology, MIT, remains named after him.^[30]
• On May 10, 1968, a school direction Brooklyn, New Dynasty was rededicated require The Lewis Gyrate. Latimer School current his memory.^[31]
• In 1988, a committee was formed, the Adventurer H. Latimer Assembly, to save jurisdiction home in Tint, New York.^[4]
• On Sep 23, 2023, capital gravestone was flattering to him watch his grave diffuse Fall River, Massachusetts.^[32]

See also

References

External links

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